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Hedge funds will be decimated by the global financial meltdown and the crisis will wipe out as much as three quarters of the money they manage, George Soros, the billionaire investor, predicted in Washington yesterday.
His comments were made as he fielded hostile accusations in the US House of Representatives that hedge fund managers had enjoyed “unimaginable success” even though they were “virtually unregulated”.
Ordered to testify before the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, the world’s wealthiest and most secretive hedge fund managers answered questions as lawmakers tried to work out who was to blame for America’s financial crisis. Apart from Mr Soros, those summoned to testify about the role of hedge funds, their tax status and regulation included John Paulson, who runs a hedge fund that bears his name and who was one of the first investors to bet that housing prices could decline on a national basis last year.
He was joined by Philip Falcone, senior managing director of Harbinger Capital Partners, James Simons, who runs Renaissance Technologies, and Kenneth Griffin, chief executive of Citadel Investment Group.
Henry Waxman, a California Democrat and the committee chairman, said that he had singled them out because each earned more than $1 billion (£670 million) last year. Mr Waxman said that they had benefited from the tax system, which allowed their earnings to be taxed at the lower capital gains tax rate, rather than as income.
He said: “That means at least some portions of their earnings could be taxed at rates as low as 15 per cent. That’s a lower rate than many teachers, firefighters or plumbers pay.” The hedge fund industry – estimated to control about $2.5 trillion of assets, mainly outside regulatory supervision – has been blamed for volatility in stock markets and destabilising a number of banks. Hedge funds have also been accused of seeking to trash companies by short-selling their stock – a trade in which the dealer benefits if the share price falls.
The first cracks on Wall Street started to appear in June 2007 when UBS and Bear Stearns both admitted to massive losses within their own hedge funds. UBS was forced to close its hedge funds and Bear Stearns had to bail out its own.
As Washington debates how to prevent another colossal financial crisis, some critics are calling for heavy regulation of hedge funds.
However, Mr Soros cautioned against “going overboard with regulation”. He said: “Excessive deregulation has inflicted enormous losses on the general public and there is a real danger that the pendulum will swing too far the other way. The bubble has now burst and hedge funds will be decimated. It would be a grave mistake to add to the forced liquidation currently dislocating markets by ill-considered or punitive regulations.”
Hedge funds have lured a growing number of ordinary investors, pension funds and university endowment funds, so that millions of Americans unwittingly invest in the funds indirectly.
Tom Davis, of Virginia, the committee’s senior Republican, said that hedge funds “now pose a very public peril when the bets go bad”.
The funds, which are delivering their worst-ever returns this year, have been widely blamed for contributing to the downfall of both Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers. But Mr Falcone defended the industry, saying: “The behaviour of institutions in several financial sectors contributed to the crisis, but, in my view, the hedge fund sector was not among them.”
He also defended short-selling, arguing that it was a valuable component of financial markets and did not drive companies out of business. Two months ago, the SEC briefly banned money managers from shorting 1,000 financial stocks.
David Ruder, a former chairman of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, which in recent years tried and failed to force hedge funds to register with the agency, also played down the industry’s role in the credit crunch.
He said: “They do not seem to have played a major role in the events precipitating the crisis.”
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Now that short selling is banned (?) hedge fund will die a slow death
Virgil Vendetta, Virginia, USA
Max Keiser has been calling these guys down for the past three years on his FM Radio show from London. The entire house of cards is coming down and all of these guys are downplaying the results.
TSGordon, Little Rock, USA
Perhaps there has been some small element of criminality at the periphery here. The rest is no doubt a combination of people taking advantage of the system where they see a chance to and authorities finding themselves in a system far beyond their control, or desire to control.
Allan, Glasgow, Scotland
Apart from organic factors, about which little in the end, I believe, will be done, we have a world running on a casino-like system for fear of any alternative being worse.
That leaves us with the scars of mistrust to carry forward to what until recently was seeming like a brave new world
Allan, Glasgow, Scotland
This leaves us with the scars of mistrust to carry forward to what until recently was seeming like a brave new world of ever-increasing consumerism. Could it be that we will now have the worst of ALL possible worlds instead?
Allan, Glasgow, Scotland
The fault lies with politicians and their incestuous relationship with the financial world. Governments face responsibility for the financial meltdown by granting hedge funds, private equity funds and the speculators favorable tax status reducing tax revenue for the nation and encouraging greed.
peterfieldman, paris, france
Thank heavens. The Hedge funds are at the root of the global market crash. The abuse of hedging instruments as primary investments (as against insurance tools against the decline of currency, commodity or equity investment) must be prevented by regulators. Ex Treasury consultant for PW
Richard, Stanstead Abbotts,
Dave, Kelso: Sorros WASNT complaining. I am flat broke, but I think he is right: The hedge funds will be slaughtered. Let every one see they did it to themselves, and not have them blame regulation for their misfortune. I support greater regulation - but I want it to have a good image.
Andrew, London, England
Capitalism will eat itself, and Hedge Fund Managers will come back for seconds.
Matt, Hereford, UK
It's the respectable, regulated, taxpaying (up to a point) banks that have goofed up and created a crisis, not the unregulated hedge funds. We shouldn't be concerned either that they hedge funds used to make very large amounts of money or that they may not do so in future.
Frank Upton, Solihull,
Hedge funds serve a useful purpose as do most participants in markets if they act honestly and fairly. They contribute to the pricing mechanism which allocates scarce resources efficiently. Helping to identify and cut the prices of the rotten apples is what they do - such as RMBS, CDO's and banks.
N Reed, London, UK
Joseph Chamberlain said, "Banks are not the creators of wealth, they are created by wealth"
For years manufacturing in the USA and UK have been allowed to shrink as the financial sector took over.
Time to get back to work fellas creating products that people want to buy!
Norman, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
We need a financial system based on fundamental values, not on betting with other peoples money. If asset values fall, everyone should lose. Those who short-sell gain and make everyone else's losses greater. Don't reply with 'survival of the fittest' unless you've lived on the streets with no money
Mike Donovan, London,
It is the end of the spree. Is that not clear by now? Try doing proper work that produces something. Hedging is a spiv and always was, but I guess that is very difficult for you guys to ever admit. What are the job prospects for you now? Many people will be overjoyed to witness your comeupance.
James, Beckton, East London. UK.
Hedge funds have still outperformed the equity markets, even though it's their worst year.
Lots of hedge funds go out of business even in good years.
They don't cause the problems. They can only push on open doors.
ja, London,
Can they do Private Equity companies next please. This is another group that creates absolutely nothing new.
DickW, Aberdeenshire,
And whose fault was it they werent taxed enough - the UK and US governments - they were all in bed together. I thought the clever hedge fund managers made money no matter what the climate. Any idiot can risk the money of others to make large gains as there is no downside same as the banks.
HARRY, WARWICK, UK
We must draw away from the US-style consumption based economy. Such economies are essentially giant pyramid schemes and can never end well in the long term. France is posting growth figures at a time when most countries are contracting, proving the age-old saying 'slow and steady wins the race'.
Mark Johnson, Birmingham, UK
The deeper point is that all complex transactions add to the opacity and interdependencies of the markets. It's that lack of transparency and complex interdependence that causes massive lack of confidence when things go wrong. Hedge funds didn't cause the problem but they add opacity and complexity.
Paul Freeman, London, England
Markets thrive on transparency. Regulation should focus on encouraging and imposing transparency within the markets. Many of this year's failures seem to have arisen from the opaque nature of the instruments and the markets in which they operate. Lets regulate for transparency and not for politics.
Sholto, Edinburgh, UK
'George Soros tells lawmakers in Washington that crisis will wipe out three quarters of the money that hedge funds manage'
Oh I weep! I am so sad. Poor little billionaire. He's had it so hard!
Dave, Kelso, Scotland
Interesting theory about the hedge funds shoerting practices. Indeed the banks halved in value earlier this year. Then the ban on short selling financial stocks came in. The bank shares then slumped 60-80% more. Short selling is not the problem, Its a matter of confidence
h, Bath,
Hedge funds have, for years, argued that they thrive on strong trends and volatility. This year we have had both in spades and yet the hedge funds have had their worst ever year.
John Foley, LONDON , ENGLAND
This is wonderful news. Hedge funds serve no practical purpose other than to act as parasites feeding on the lifeblood companies, shareholders and whole markets. Good riddance to them all.
john, Shenzhen,
If you seed the wind,be prepared to reap the whirlwind
Richard Philpotts, Stratford Upon Avon, Warks
Great, "What Goe's around Comes around"!
Paul, manchester, UK